Thông tin về loài mối
Mối từ lâu được biết đến là một loài vật nguy hiểm đối với gỗ và các sản phẩm được làm từ gỗ. Mối có tên khoa học là Isoptera, thuộc nhóm côn trùng sống theo bầy đàn, có tập tính xã hội cao, đa dạng hình thái hoạt động ẩn náu. Ở Việt Nam theo thống kê hiện nay có hơn 200 loài mối khác nhau, nhưng chỉ có một số ít loài có khả năng phá hoại tài sản và gây thiệt hại về mặt kinh tế đối với con người.
Tập tính sinh học của mối
Loài mối được xếp vào nhóm côn trùng “xã hội”, mỗi tổ mối là một “đơn vị sống” hoặc là một “xã hội” riêng biêt. Tùy từng loài mà tổ của chúng có từ vài trăm con đến hàng chục triệu con và tùy theo loài mà chúng có tập tính xây tổ và lối sống khác nhau.
Cấu trúc và vai trò các thành phần trong tổ mối
Mối thường sống cùng nhau trong một tập đoàn lớn và tổ chức xã hội cao, mối thường phân chia thứ bậc và nhiệm vụ trong đàn rất rõ ràng. Dựa vào cấu tạo và chức năng mà chúng sẽ đảm nhận các vai trò khác nhau. Tổ chức xã hội phân hóa thường bao gồm: Mối chúa, mối lính, mối cánh, mối thợ, trứng mối…
Mối chúa
Mối chúa rất quý hiếm, mỗi tổ thường chỉ có một con. Đặc điểm nhận biết mối chúa là chúng có thân hình trắng, căng mọng, to tròn, thân to, đầu nhỏ, bụng to,… Và thường mối chúa có trọng lương lớn gấp 300 lần trọng lượng mối lao động, kích thước lúc trưởng thành sẽ to lớn đạt được chiều dài tầm 10 – 12 cm. Nó đảm nhiêm chức năng sinh sản chính trong tổ. Mối chúa và mối vua thường sống ở trung tâm của tổ, chúng thường không ra khỏ tổ và có thể rời từ tổ chính đến tổ phụ nếu gặp trường hợp ngập úng.
Cả quãng đời trưởng thành của mối chúa được dành cho việc để trứng lúc đầu đẻ ít trứng với mật độ 1trứng/1phút. Sau khi trưởng thành khoảng 4-5 năm lúc này bộ phận sinh dục trưởng thành hoàn toàn, thì tốc độ đẻ trung bình mà người ta đo được ở mối chúa là 35 trứng/phút và mỗi ngày có thể đẻ ra 8000 – 10000 trứng. Mối chúa hầu như không thể cự động được với thân hình to lớn và nó cần phải nhờ đến sự chăm lo, nuôi nâng của các mối thợ. Mối chúa có tuổi thọ rất cao có thể sống được khoảng 10 năm.

Mối cánh
Mối cánh là mối non đã trải qua một số lần lột xác mà thành. Chúng cũng đi kiếm ăn như các mối lao động khác. Thường khi bắt đầu vào mùa xuân lúc này thời tiết rất thích hợp nhất là trước các cơn mưa dông chúng bay ra khỏi tổ và bay tới những nơi có ánh sáng đèn.
Sau khi chúng bay đến nơi cần đến khoảng 10 – 15 phút chúng bắt đầu rụng cánh, con đực tìm con cái cắn đuôi, con cái dẫn đi tìm nơi cư trú mới, chúng tìm đến các vết nứt được tạo thành do sụt lún hoặc điểm thích hợp sẽ tạo ra tổ mới.
Mối thợ
Mối thợ hay còn được gọi là mối lao động. Chúng cũng từ mối non trải qua 5-7 lần lột xác mà thành. Mối thợ có màu trắng sữa đồng đều từ đầu đến bụng, có cơ thể nhỏ nhưng các chi phát triển và cơ quan sinh sản tiêu giảm. Đây là thành phần quan trọng trong tổ, chiếm tới 80% dân số trong đàn mối. Mối thợ là thành phần luôn đảm nhiệm hầu hết các công việc của tổ như: kiếm thức ăn, chăm sóc con non và các cá thể trong đàn, xây dựng tổ ( nuôi mối chúa, mối non, mối lính,… ) bằng thức ăn đã được chế biến qua đường ruột và bùn.
Mối thợ ngoài việc xây tổ, tìm thức ăn chúng còn tham gia chiến đấu khi mối ở tổ khác tấn công hoặc bị xâm lấn. Mối thợ là điểm giao lưu từ trong tổ với bên.
Mối lính
Mối lính phân hóa từ mối thợ. Dân số ít hơn mối thợ chúng chỉ chiếm khoảng 10% dân số trong đàn mối. Mối lính có cấu tạo phần đầu to và hai hàm răng rất phát triển. Đầu chúng có màu nâu hồng và hạch độc, mỗi khi chiến đấu tiết ra chất sữa màu trắng có tính axit. Mối lính có chức năng canh phòng, báo động, trinh sát, hộ vệ,… mối lao động đi kiếm ắn. Khi có tiếng động lớn bất thường, thay đổi cường độ ánh sáng, mùi lạ hoặc đường bị phá vỡ,… mối lính xông ra nơi có sự cố và báo động cho mối khác.
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